暑期實戰 2017考研英語閱讀理解精煉之翼龍化石

 　　暑期實戰 2017考研英語閱讀理解精煉之翼龍化石

　　2017考研基礎階段復習快告一段了，考生們復習的怎么樣呢?你是復習不錯買還是馬馬虎虎呢?正所謂真金不怕火來煉，讓實戰來說話吧，為了方便考生對掌握自己復習情況，文都考研小編特意梳理了考研英語閱讀理解方面的題目，讓大家在實戰中成長，以下是暑期實戰：考研英語閱讀理解題目及答案解析：

　　考研英語閱讀理解之翼龍化石：

　　The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures were — reptiles or birds — are among the questions scientists have puzzled over.

　　Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a winglike membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharpclaws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V shape along each side of the animal’s body.

　　The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a savings in weight. In the birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.

　　Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T. H. Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because flying implies a high rate of metabolism, which in turn implies a high internal temperature. Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct.

　　Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they launched themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaurs’ hind feet resembled a bat’s and could serve as hooks by which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. The second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without damaging their wings. The third calls for high waves to channel updrafts. The wind that made such waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.

　　1. It can be inferred from the text that scientist now generally agree that the

　　[A] enormous wingspan of the pterosaurs enabled them to fly great distances.

　　[B] structure of the skeleton of the pterosaurs suggests a close evolutionary relationship to bats.

　　[C] fossil remains of the pterosaurs reveal how they solved the problem of powered flight.

　　[D] pterosaurs were reptiles.

　　2. The author views the idea that the pterosaurs became airborne by rising into light winds created by waves as

　　[A] revolutionary.

　　[B] unlikely.

　　[C] unassailable.

　　[D] probable.

　　3. According to the text, the skeleton of a pterosaur can be distinguished from that of a bird by the

　　[A] size of its wingspan.

　　[B] presence of hollow spaces in its bones.

　　[C] anatomic origin of its wing strut.

　　[D] presence of hooklike projections on its hind feet.

　　4. The ideas attributed to T. H. Huxley in the text suggest that he would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

　　[A] An animal’s brain size has little bearing on its ability to master complex behaviors.

　　[B] An animal’s appearance is often influenced by environmental requirements and physical capabilities.

　　[C] Animals within a given family group are unlikely to change their appearance dramatically over a period of time.

　　[D] The origin of flight in vertebrates was an accidental development rather than the outcome of specialization or adaptation.

　　5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the last paragraph of the text?

　　[A] New evidence is introduced to support a traditional point of view.

　　[B] Three explanations for a phenomenon are presented and each is disputed by means of specific information.

　　[C] Three hypotheses are outlined and evidence supporting each is given.

　　[D] Recent discoveries are described and their implications for future study are projected.

　　答案及解析：

　　1、答案：D

　　考點解析：這是一道審題定位題型。該題的答案信息在第二段的第一句，根據本句的內容即可得出本題的正確答案是D。考生要加強對題干的理解和認識，并且要善于找到原文和題干相吻合之處，否則就會失去解題思路。

　　2、答案：B

　　考點解析：本題是一道句間關系題型。本題的答案信息在尾段的第一、二句和尾段的倒數第一、二句。從尾段的第二句 “Each hypothesis has its difficulties” (每種假設都有缺陷)可以判斷：作者認為“從浪尖上伴輕風飛起”是不可能的。考生要加強對句子之間語意關系的理解。

　　3、答案：C

　　考點解析：本題是一道審題定位題。其答案信息在第三段。題干中問翼龍和鳥類骨骼方面的“不同”。原文第三段中涉及兩者相同與不同。第三段的尾句暗示本題的正確答案是C。考生在解題時應加強審題定位的能力。

　　4、答案：B

　　考點解析：這是一道歸納推導題。本題的正確答案在第四段的第一、二、三句。這三句話的內容暗示本題的正確答案是B，即動物的外型通常受環境要求和生理能力的影響。考生在解題時應注意提高對原文信息的歸納推導能力。

　　5、答案：B

　　考點解析：本題是一道段落結構識別題。尾段的第一句對所談現象提出了三種解釋，然后針對每一種解釋進行科學上的否定。可見本題的正確答案是B。考生在復習中應該加強對段落結構的識別能力。

　　以上是小編為大家梳理的考研英語閱讀理解的題目及答案解析，希望對大家夯實基礎復習有所幫助。文都考研小編提醒大家：考研英語閱讀理解有很多做題技巧，考生要在不斷做題的過程中總結這些做題技巧，這樣自己對閱讀理解做題方法會更有體會。