考研英語長難句解析之省略結(jié)構(gòu)

　　考研英語長難句是復(fù)習(xí)的難點，在完形填空、閱讀理解和英譯漢中，充斥著大量的長難句。從某種意義上來說，攻破長難句，考研英語復(fù)習(xí)也就成功了一半。攻破考研英語長難句，首先需要從結(jié)構(gòu)入手。以下是我們總結(jié)的英語長難句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)之一——省略結(jié)構(gòu)，幫大家輕松識別省略成分，掌握省略結(jié)構(gòu)的分析。

　　1. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)

　　省略比較常見于并列結(jié)構(gòu)中。

　　定義：兩個或兩個以上、由并列連詞或其他并列手段連接起來的語法結(jié)構(gòu)叫做并列結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　2. 并列連詞

　　英語有三個主要的并列連詞：and, or, but

　　關(guān)聯(lián)并列連詞：both…and, either…or, not…but, not…nor, neither…nor, not only…but also

　　近似并列連詞：as well as, as much as, rather than, more than

　　三個詞項：nor, so, yet

　　3. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略現(xiàn)象

　　并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，常常發(fā)生省略的現(xiàn)象，后一個分句與前一個分句相同的句子成分可以省去，也可以省略連詞。

　　a. 共同主語的省略

　　(1) The town offers better cultural advantages than (it) has been generally supposed.

　　(2) As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and (information) will be trustworthy and reliable.

　　b. 共同主動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞的省略

　　(3) John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.

　　(4) John should clean the shed and Peter (should) mow the lawn.

　　(5) Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression (can be) controlled, cataracts (can be) removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.

　　(6) He drives faster than you (do).

　　(7) She plays with him as a cat (plays) with a mouse.

　　c. 共同主語、謂語的省略

　　(8) It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada (death is) inevitable and in California (death is) optional.

　　(9) Tom hates him as much as (he hates) me.

　　(10) I have always lived more in the future than (I have lived) in the present.

　　d. 共同主動詞及其補足成分的省略

　　(11) Gorge will take the course and Bob might (take the course) too.

　　(12) John was the winner in 1989, and Bob (was the winner) in 1990.

　　e. 共同表語的省略

　　(13) They were as anxious as he was (anxious).

　　(14) He is a better man (that) you’ll ever be.

　　4. 省略句的處理

　　并列結(jié)構(gòu)的省略中，往往第一個分句結(jié)構(gòu)完整;因此，理解并列結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略句時，首先找出并列成分，并參照并列的第一個分句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分將其他分句補充完整。

　　【Notes】：

　　1. 為了句子的簡潔，并列句中常常引起省略。因此在閱讀句子時，看見并列連詞要考慮是否發(fā)生了省略;

　　2. 需要指出，由and連接并列成分除表示語義并列以外，還可表示其他意義。例如：

　　He is Jack of all trades and master of none. (表轉(zhuǎn)折)

　　He heard a cry for help, and he rushed out of the house. (表因果)

　　Think it over again and you’ll find a way out. (表結(jié)果)

　　Mary likes music and Jim is fond of sports. (表對比)