歷年考研真題長難句解析薈萃(37)

1. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.

【譯文】旨在使學生勝任某種工作的教育是職業教育，它存在的理由與法律所規定的普及教育之間有很大差別。

【析句】這個句子的主語是An education，后面that引導的從句既是主語的定語，表語是a technical education。過去分詞justified引導的短語修飾a technical education, radically different from why education is universally required by law是reasons的后置定語。

【講詞】justify意為"證明......是正當的"。Is he justified in all his actions?（他的這許多行為是正當的嗎?）The course of events fully justifies our  views.（事情的發展完全證明我們的意見是正確的。）radically表示"根本地"。radical意為"根本的，基本的，激進的"。require意為"要求，需要"。I require two children to help me.(我需要兩個孩子來幫忙。）The rules require us all to be present.(按規定我們都要到場。）

2. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.

【譯文】相反，我們應該體現美國公民的某種觀念，如果他無法準確判斷自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影響的，他的公民特征就是不完整的。

【析句】 這個句子的難點在于理解a certain conception of the American citizen，即a character... outside of himself。這里的a character是指the American citizen，其后是一個who引導的定語從句；該定語從句是主從復合句，其中主句是who is incomplete，if引導條件從句，這個條件從句中的謂語動詞access跟了一個how引導的賓語從句。

【講詞】assess意為"評估，評價"。The annual income of school teachers in this place was assessed at $900.（這地方的學校教師的年收入為900美元。）Damages were assessed at 1000 RMB.（損失估計達一千元人民幣。）affect意為"影響"。You should be aware of the fact that smoking affects  health.（你應該清楚吸煙有害健康。）He was deeply affected by my words.（他聽了我的話很受感動。）注意affected的意思是"假裝的，造作的"。She showed an affected interest in our subject.（她假裝對我們的課題感興趣。）