暑期考研英語文章悅讀：互聯網的潛力

A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.

There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.

Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.

To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrials infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure—including roads, barbors, highways, ports and so on—were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.

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今天，人們十分關注所謂的數字鴻溝問題，即世界被分為信息資源豐富區和信息資源貧乏區兩類。這個鴻溝今天確實存在，我和我妻子20年前談過這個隱伏的危險。然而，那時一些抵制數字鴻溝的、新的積極因素還不如今天明顯。我們是有理由感到樂觀的。

一些技術上的因素使我們有理由希望鴻溝會縮小。隨著互聯網變得越來越商業化，普及上網對商家是有利的——畢竟，上網人數越多，潛在的客戶就越多。越來越多的政府，由于擔心自己的國家會落后，都想推廣互聯網。一二十年之內，全球將有一二十億人被網在一起。因此，我現在相信，在將來，數字鴻溝將會縮小而不是擴大。這是非常好的消息，因為互聯網非常可能成為我們消除所面臨的貧困的比較強有效的工具。

當然，使用互聯網不是唯一戰勝貧困的方法。互聯網也不是我們所擁有的唯一工具，但它卻有巨大的潛力。

要想利用互聯網這個工具，某些貧困國家必須克服在外國投資方面的過時的反殖民偏見。那些認為外國投資是對本國主權的侵犯的國家比較好還是研究一下美國基礎設施(社會的基本結構基礎)的歷史。當初美國建設自己的工業基礎設施時，缺乏資金，這就是為什么美國的第二波基礎設施建設——包括公路、港口，高速公路、港口城市等等——都是利用的國外資金。英國人、德國人、荷蘭人和法國人都在這片前英國殖民地投資。他們提供資金，美國移民建造。想想看，現在誰擁有這一切？美國人。我想，同樣的事情也可以發生在巴西或其他任何地方。你擁有的去建造第三次浪潮基礎設施(今天主要指電子基礎設施)的外國資金越多，那么你就越富裕。這并不是說卑躬屈膝，任人愚弄，也不是讓外國公司為所欲為。但這的確意味著你已認識到外國公司對本國能源及通信基礎設施建設的重要性，這些基礎設施是充分利用互聯網所必要的。