英語知識點答疑之閱讀理解題型

    Directions：

    You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text （41~45）。The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

    A. Set a Good Example for Your Kids

    B. Build You Kids‘ Work Skills

    C. Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities

    D. Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis

    E. Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies

    F. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are

    G. Build Your Kids‘ Sense of Responsibility

    How Can a Parent Help？

    Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job‘s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content， the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures， drawn from my book Ready or Not， Here Life Comes， that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness”：

    41

    You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings， like difficulty， in communicating well or collaborating. Also， identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to， as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.

    42

    Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique， pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own carcer and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do， they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times， but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.

    43

    Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn； parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills， such as managing time and setting priorities.

    44

    Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with caned laughter only teaches kids to process information is passive way. At the same time， listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids so develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.

    45

    They should know how to deal with setbacks， stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts， ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these thins and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.

    What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood？ Parents still have a major role to play， but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever interests their fledging adult （as naive or ill conceived as it may seem） while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all， these new adults， must feel they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.

    07年的考研英語新題型選擇了標題選擇題，這種題型是幾種備選中難度相對較小的一種。這篇文章主要講述青少年如何在父母的指導之下，給自己設定一個培養自己未來的職業生涯規劃、并提高自己的職業綜合能力。我們結合具體的題目對這一類的新題型閱讀題進行分析：

    第 41題：這一題考查的是指代關系，答題的主要線索是you這個單詞。這里的you指代孩子的家長，而不外乎是加強家長如何了解自己孩子的優、缺點，然后幫助孩子確定未來的職業生涯。我們要注意到下面的periodically review的表達，這里面沒有主語，但我們可以從上下文看出父母是做主語的概念，了解了線索you，我們就應該比較容易的判斷出正確的選項。

    第 42題：這一題也要注意一個關鍵的詞匯線索models，這個是題目中比較常見、比較簡單的線索。此題可以把詞匯的線索細分為詞匯的重復，但是本題的重復不是簡單的同一個詞重復，而是比較側重于考查學生基本功的同義詞重復，分析到這一點我們可以發現，題干當中A選項其中的一個單詞example是和models是一致的，所以可以判斷出正確的答案是A.

    第 43題：從本段第一句話看多次出現了responsible和responsibility這些相同詞根的詞，所以有同學就會以為可能要選的是G，但是如果把這一段認真讀完的話你會發現，其實這個G是干擾項，在這一段中我們可以發現，homework deadline、organization skills以及managing time和setting priorities這些詞匯都反應體現的是工作的技巧，這幾組詞屬于什么呢？我們稱之為同一詞匯搭配和同一領域的詞匯的體現，那么我們選完之后可以判斷，正確的答案不外乎就是B.

    第 44題：把全段內容讀完之后就可以發現，整段講的就是娛樂和工作的關系問題，從這里面可以判斷出選擇C，應該是正確答案。

    第 45題：45題主要考查的是邏輯關系，考邏輯關系的題目的基本思路是：一般先描述問題，然后提出問題的的解決方法和對解決方法是否有效的評論，這段話的大意其實可以分為兩個部分，第一個部分是前兩段，表達青少年應該具備什么樣的素質，比如處理問題、解決沖突、頭腦風暴乃至批判性思考等這樣的一些基本素質；而本段的關鍵其實是在第二部分，就是比較后一句話，也就是他問采用什么樣的方法可以鍛煉孩子的基本素質，其實也就是家庭性的討論，discussion at home，從這些問題我們可以歸納出一個具有共同性的特征，都是集體性的問題，什么概念呢？需要處理的這些問題，青少年需要具備的這些素質都要涉及到幾個人，而非個體的問題。E選項的比較后兩個詞“coping strategies”（合作協調戰略），從這里可以判斷45題選擇E.

    從整體上看，這類新題型的篇幅不長，難度也不是很大，因此這一部分的整體得分也會有所上浮。不過這并不意味著今年即將步入考場的同學們可以相應減少對新題型的練習。因為從近幾年的考試情況看，新題型一直是得分率較低的試題，文章難度并不比閱讀理解難很多，但新題型的其它幾種類型的答題難度較大，所以同學們在復習的過程中仍然要特別注意新題型的訓練。在練習的過程中，詞匯量和閱讀理解能力是基礎，相對于其它題型來說，新題型的答題技巧更加重要，這需要同學們在練習的過程中適應并掌握。