2011年考研優(yōu)美英語(yǔ)作文背誦008

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    The Definition of "Price"

    Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services  that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in  the  economy  as  well  as  those  of  a  myriad  of  services，  including labor，  professional， transportation， and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the"system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad， complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group  of randomly selected  individuals  to define "price"， many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or， in other words，  that  price  is  the money  value  of  a  product  or  service  as  agreed  upon  in  a  market transaction. This definition is， of course， valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any  particular transaction， much  more than the amount of  money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount， but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged， the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made， the form of money to be used， the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction， guarantees on the product or service， delivery terms， return privileges， and other factors. In other words， both buyer and seller should be fully aware of  all the factors  that comprise the total "package" being exchanged for  the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.全文翻譯："價(jià)格"的定義  價(jià)格決定資源的使用方式。 價(jià)格也是有限的產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)在買(mǎi)方中的配給 手段。

    美國(guó)的價(jià)格系統(tǒng)是復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)狀系統(tǒng)，包括經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中一切產(chǎn)品買(mǎi)賣(mài)的價(jià)格，也包括 名目繁多的各種服務(wù)，諸如勞動(dòng)力、專(zhuān)職人員、交通運(yùn)輸、公共事業(yè)等服務(wù)的價(jià)格。

    所有 這些價(jià)格的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系構(gòu)成了價(jià)格系統(tǒng)。  任何一種個(gè)別產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的價(jià)格都與這個(gè)龐大而復(fù) 雜的系統(tǒng)密切相關(guān)，而且或多或少地受到系統(tǒng)中其它成份的制約。如果隨機(jī)挑選一群人，問(wèn) 問(wèn)他們?nèi)绾味�義"價(jià)格"，許多人會(huì)回答價(jià)格就是根據(jù)賣(mài)方提供的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，買(mǎi)方向其付出 的錢(qián)數(shù)。

    換句話(huà)說(shuō)，價(jià)格就是市場(chǎng)交易中大家認(rèn)同的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的貨幣量。 該定義就其本 身來(lái)說(shuō)自有其道理。

    但要獲得對(duì)價(jià)格在任何一樁交易中的完整認(rèn)識(shí)，就必須考慮到大量" 非貨幣"因素的影響。 買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方不但要清楚交易中的錢(qián)數(shù)，而且要非常熟悉交易物的質(zhì)量和 數(shù)量，交易的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，采用哪種形式付款，有怎樣的緩付和優(yōu)惠，對(duì)交易物的質(zhì)量保證、 交貨條款、退賠權(quán)利等等。

    也就是說(shuō)，為了能估算索價(jià)，買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方必須通曉構(gòu)成交易物價(jià) 格的通盤(pán)細(xì)節(jié)。