最新高考閱讀技巧訓(xùn)練 [二]
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(一)
When a group of children politely stop a conversation with you, saying: “We have to go to work now, ”you’re left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this is the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools, and that the “work”they go off to is to go on the stage in a theatre.
Stage schools often act as agencies(代理機(jī)構(gòu))to supply children for stage and television work. More worthy of the name“stage school”are those few places where children attend full time, with a training for the theatre and a general education.
A visit to such schools will leave you in no doubt that the children enjoy themselves. After all, what lively children wouldn’t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?
Then of course there are times for the children to make a name and make a little money in some big shows. Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age. But the law is very tight on the amount they can do. Those under 13 are limited to 40 days in the year; those over 13 do 80 days.
The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the profession for which they are being trained. So what happens to those who don’t make it? while all the leading schools say they place great importance on children getting good study results, the facts seem to suggest this is not always the case.
1. People would stop feeling uneasy when realizing that the children they’re talking to _____.
A. attend a stage school B. are going to the theatre
C. have got some work to do D. love singing and dancing
2. In the writer’s opinion, a good stage school should ______.
A. produce star performers
B. help pupils improve their study skills
C. train pupils in language and performing arts
D. provide a general education and stage training
3. “Professional work”as used in the text means _______.
A. ordinary school work B. money-making performances
C. stage training at school D. acting, singing or dancing after class
4. Which of the following best describes how the writer feels about stage schools? _______
A. He thinks highly of what they have to offer.
B. He favours an early start in the training of performing arts.
C. He feels uncomfortable about children putting on night shows.
D. He doubts the standard of ordinary education they have reached.
[譯文]
當(dāng)一幫孩子停止跟你談話，很有禮貌地說(shuō)：“我們要去工作了”的時(shí)候你會(huì)感到驚奇、不安，這畢竟是20世紀(jì)90年代，孩子們工作的想法還是不可思議的。確實(shí)不可思議，但當(dāng)你聽(tīng)說(shuō)他們是戲校的學(xué)生時(shí)，你就不再這樣想了。他們要去干的“工作”就是要走上舞臺(tái)。
戲校常常是一個(gè)代理機(jī)構(gòu)，它給孩子們提供舞臺(tái)和電視教學(xué)，更能配得上“戲校”這個(gè)稱謂的是那些孩子們能夠全天使用的一些地方，或者進(jìn)行戲劇排練，或者上普通文化課程。
如果你到這些學(xué)校去參觀，你就會(huì)毫不懷疑地發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們?cè)谶@里很快樂(lè)，畢竟，半天的時(shí)間上普通文化課，半天的時(shí)間表演、唱歌或者跳舞，還有什么樣的活潑的孩子不會(huì)為此而安心呢?
當(dāng)然有時(shí)孩子們也想在大型演出中出名或掙錢(qián)，某些戲校讓孩子們?cè)谟仔〉哪挲g階段演太多的戲，法律對(duì)演戲的多少有嚴(yán)格控制，13歲以下的孩子一年中演戲的時(shí)間不能超過(guò)40天，13歲以下的孩子80天。
學(xué)校也承認(rèn)并不是所有的孩子在他們的訓(xùn)練專業(yè)上都會(huì)成功，這樣那些專業(yè)不成功的人怎么辦呢?雖然所有重點(diǎn)戲校都說(shuō)他們非常重視學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量，事實(shí)好象表明并不總是那樣。
(二)
Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. He knows what he wants, and his purpose is to find it and buy it, the price is a less important consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it, the salesman immediately produces it, and the business of trying it on is done at once. All being well, the bargain(交易)can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction.
For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants. Then the salesman tries to sell the customer(顧客)something else-he offers the nearest he can to the thing required. He usually says, “I know this jacket is not the style(式樣)you want, sir, but would you like to try it on for size? It happens to be the color you wanted. ”Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual reply is: “This is the right colour and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on. ”
Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? She does so in the opposite way. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round”. She is always open to persuasion, indeed she considers of great importance what the saleswoman tells her, even what her friends tell her. She will try on any number of things. Highest in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Most women have an excellent sense(判斷力)of value when they but clothes. They are always trying to find an unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one counter(柜臺(tái))to another before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It takes a great deal of time but gives great joy. Most dress shops supply chairs for the waiting husbands.
1. When a man is buying clothes, he ______.
A. puts price before quality
B. chooses things that others think suitable for him
C. does not mind much the price he has to pay for the right things
D. buys good quality things, so long as they do not cost too much
2. From the passage, we know that in shopping for a jacket ______.
A. men like their jackets to be bigger than their size
B. most men can tell whether it is the right size for them
C. men make sure it fits them before buying it
D. men don’t worry whether the clothes fit well or not so long as it is the right colour
3. When a man cannot get what he wants, he ______.
A. buys something of the same colour in a slightly different style
B. usually does not buy anything
C. will try on some other clothes of the same style
D. wastes no time in buying something else
4. What does the passage tell us about women shoppers for clothes?
A. They welcome suggestions from anyone.
B. Women seldom consider buying cheap clothes.
C. Women often buy things without thinking.
D. They listen to advice but never take it.
5. The most obvious difference between men and women shoppers is ______.
A. that men do not try clothes on in a shop while women do
B. that women bargain for their clothes and men don’t
C. that women do their shopping standing up but men do theirs sitting down
D. the time they take over buying clothes
[譯文]
男女對(duì)于選購(gòu)衣物的體驗(yàn)絕對(duì)不同。男人去購(gòu)物是因?yàn)樾枰Ｋ哪康木褪钦业叫枰臇|西并買(mǎi)下它。至于價(jià)格卻是次要的。他們走進(jìn)商店后就徑直走向售貨員詢問(wèn)他們所需要的東西。如果商店里有，售貨員會(huì)立刻出示給他們，而他們也會(huì)毫不耽擱地試穿，如果合適，交易會(huì)馬上結(jié)束。前后時(shí)間不會(huì)超過(guò)5分鐘。絕沒(méi)有額外的聊天而且皆大歡喜。
對(duì)一個(gè)男人來(lái)說(shuō)，問(wèn)題可能出在商店里沒(méi)有他們需要的東西。此時(shí)，售貨員會(huì)盡力推薦給他們一些另外的東西，一些最接近他們所需要的東西。他通常會(huì)說(shuō)：“我明白這個(gè)夾克衫不是你想要的式樣，但是你愿意試試大小嗎?這件顏色正好是你喜歡的。”幾乎沒(méi)有一個(gè)男人會(huì)耐心應(yīng)付這個(gè)提議，而通常的答案是：“這件衣服顏色合適，也許大小也合適，但是我不想浪費(fèi)你我的時(shí)間來(lái)試穿這個(gè)。”
現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)看看女人們是如何買(mǎi)衣服的。答案正好相反。她從來(lái)沒(méi)有下了決心的時(shí)候，她會(huì)說(shuō)：“只是轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)看看。”她總是廣納善言，事實(shí)上，她總認(rèn)為售貨員所說(shuō)的話是非常重要的。尤其是她的朋友的意見(jiàn)對(duì)她更加重要。各種型號(hào)的衣服她都不放過(guò)試穿的機(jī)會(huì)。她的最高理想是找到一件大家都稱好的衣服。多數(shù)婦女都能很好地判斷所買(mǎi)衣服的價(jià)值。她們總是致力于找到一個(gè)意想不到的便宜價(jià)格。面對(duì)一屋子的衣服，她會(huì)輕易地花上一小時(shí)的時(shí)間一個(gè)柜臺(tái)一個(gè)柜臺(tái)地看，然后才想到要試穿她所選好的衣服。這個(gè)過(guò)程很費(fèi)時(shí)間，但是卻給她們帶來(lái)極大的樂(lè)趣。大多數(shù)商店設(shè)有專門(mén)的椅子供等待的丈夫們使用。
(三)
You are what you eat. This saying has provided scientists with clues(線索)about the diet of hominids-our early relatives of 3 million years ago.
Studying carbon atoms(碳原子)locked up in tooth enamel(琺瑯質(zhì)), two researchers argue against the widely held belief that hominids ate little more than fruits and leaves. Sponheimer and Julia Lee-Thorp of the University of Cape Town, south Africa, report their findings in Friday’s Science.
There aren’t many clues for us to know the life of early hominids. The shape of hominids’ teeth offered the first clues. Large and flat-edged with thick enamel, they looked perfect for eating nuts and fruits, different from the sharp teeth one would want to tear into meat with. The first stone tools, which would help in eating meat, didn’t appear until about half a million years later.
Scientists have also found marks on hominids’ teeth with patterns very similar to those on the teeth of modernday fruit eaters. Sponheimer and Lee-Thorp tried a new method, looking at the chemical composition of the tooth enamel. They studied the enamel for the carbon-13. Animals that eat grasses have higher carbon-13 levels than those eating fruits and other plants.
What they found was that the teeth of the hominids had an in-between amount of carbon-13, which meant not only they were eating fruits, they were eating a lot of grass, or animals eating grasses. The lower carbon-13 levels could also come from eating certain types of insects(昆蟲(chóng)).
But there are people who understand differently. Porf. Ungar of the University of Arkansas agrees the study offers new suggestions of hominid diet, but disagrees about the suggestion that meat could explain the lower carbon-13 levels.
One suggestion might be true though-take good care of your teeth. In 3 million years, a scientist might be using them to figure out what you ate for dinner.
1. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Protect Your Teeth. B. What the Hominid Ate.
C. Where the Hominid lived. D. The Formation of Tooth Enamel.
2. Before the two scientists’ findings, most people thought that hominids ______.
A. lived half a million years ago B. ate mainly fruits and leaves
C. used tools to dig grass D. had sharp teeth
3. The two scientists’ findings were mainly based on the study about ______.
A. the shape of hominids’ teeth
B. the teeth marks of early fruit eaters
C. the grasses of 3 million years ago
D. the make-up of the tooth enamel
4. What is it that Prot. Ungar finds doubtful?
A. Hominids possibly ate grass-eating animals.
B. Hominids probably had different diets.
C. Hominids were basically fruit-and grasseaters
D. Hominids had lower level of carbon-13 in their teeth.
[譯文]
你的飲食習(xí)慣影響著你。這一說(shuō)法給科學(xué)家提供了三百萬(wàn)年前早期人類的飲食線索。
通過(guò)研究牙齒琺瑯質(zhì)中的碳原子，兩位研究人員反駁了被廣泛認(rèn)同的觀點(diǎn)：hominids人只吃水果和樹(shù)葉。南非，開(kāi)普頓城Thorp大學(xué)的Sponheimer和Julia Lee在Friday’s Science上報(bào)道了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
沒(méi)有很多的線索供我們了解早期人類的生活。他們牙齒的形狀提供了第一線索。大而扁平邊緣帶有厚的琺瑯質(zhì)的牙齒非常適合他們吃堅(jiān)果和水果，他們不同于我們撕咬肉用的尖利牙齒。第一批幫助人們吃肉的石器工具，直到大約五十萬(wàn)年前出現(xiàn)。
科學(xué)家也發(fā)現(xiàn)了Hominids人牙齒上的斑痕和現(xiàn)代吃水果人的相似。Sponheimert Julia Lee，嘗試了一個(gè)新方法，觀察了牙齒琺瑯質(zhì)的化學(xué)成分，他們研究了琺瑯質(zhì)中的碳原子十三。食草動(dòng)物中碳原子十三含量高于吃水果和別的植物的動(dòng)物。
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)hominids的牙齒的碳原子數(shù)量介于這兩者之間，那意味著他們不僅吃水果，他們也吃許多草或者食草動(dòng)物。碳原子數(shù)量低可能因?yàn)樗麄兂阅承├ハx(chóng)。
但有些人有不同的理解。Arkansas大學(xué)的Ungar教授同意研究提供了hominid飲食的新說(shuō)法，但是他不同意肉能解釋碳原子十三水平低這一說(shuō)法。
一種建議是正確的：保護(hù)好你的牙齒。三百萬(wàn)年之后，某一科學(xué)家可能會(huì)使用它們推斷出你吃什么食物。
【試題答案】
(一)答案及分析
1. A。文章第一段談到當(dāng)年齡如此小的孩子要去工作時(shí)，你會(huì)感到不安，但當(dāng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)他們是戲校的學(xué)生，他們說(shuō)的“工作”也就是排戲時(shí)，你就放心了。選項(xiàng)A與之符合。
2. D。作者的觀點(diǎn)是一個(gè)好的戲校既要學(xué)普通文化課又要說(shuō)戲劇表演。選項(xiàng)D與之一致。
3. C。此處的professional work指職業(yè)性工作，也就是指孩子們的專業(yè)，即舞臺(tái)表演，故選C。選項(xiàng)D中的acting, singing or dancing雖然也是舞臺(tái)表演，但after class使這些舞臺(tái)表演成為業(yè)余的，而非專業(yè)的，與文章不符。
4. D。文章的最后一段表明作者對(duì)孩子的普通文化課教育有所擔(dān)心，故選D。
(二)答案及分析：
1. C。這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。男人只是想買(mǎi)到他所需要的東西，而價(jià)格是其次的。“He knows what he wants, and his purpose is to find it and buy it, the price is a less important consideration. ”
2. C。從文章第二自然段的例子中可看出，男人買(mǎi)夾克衫時(shí)在買(mǎi)之前就確定了顏色式樣，如果式樣不符合他的想法，即使顏色合適，他都不肯花時(shí)間試穿一下。
3. B。這是一道寓意題。從第二段可看出，如果男人買(mǎi)不到自己需要的東西，很少人會(huì)有耐心響應(yīng)售貨員的提議去看其他商品。
4. A。最后一段有這樣的句子：“She is always open to persuasion, indeed she considers of great importance what the salewoman tells her, even what her friends tell her. ”這一句說(shuō)明了女性購(gòu)物時(shí)的心態(tài)和特點(diǎn)。
5. A。這是一道綜合推理題。此題要求說(shuō)出男女購(gòu)物者最明顯的差別。男人如果找到需要的衣服，連試穿帶交易不會(huì)超過(guò)5分鐘。而他們對(duì)于式樣或顏色不適合的衣服連試穿都會(huì)委婉地拒絕。女人正相反。她們?cè)谠嚧┮路䲡r(shí)絕不吝嗇時(shí)間，而丈夫們只好在椅子上坐等。
(三)答案及分析：
1. B。通過(guò)研究他們的牙齒推斷他們的飲食。
2. B。第二段“two researchers argue against the widely held belief that hominids ate little more than fruits and leaves”。
3. D。第四段和第五段論述他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)基于牙齒琺瑯質(zhì)的組成。
4. A。第六段“disagrees about the suggestion that meat could explain the lower Carbon-13 Level”第五段“Animals that eat grasses have higher Cabon-13 levels。”
(責(zé)任編輯：郭峰)
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