高二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：過去分詞做狀語(yǔ)
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Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …..
Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.
過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)：過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其等同于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。vt 過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與主句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成，vi 過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的完成。
Heated , water changes into steam .
The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .
1 作原因狀語(yǔ)，等于as / since / because 引導(dǎo)從句
Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …
2 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，等于when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句，如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/ while / until 等使時(shí)間意義更明確。
When heated , water can be changed into steam .
Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…
3 作條件狀語(yǔ)等于 if / whether 引導(dǎo)從句
Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….
Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you …
4 作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)
The actress came in , followed by her fans .
She sat by the window , lost in thought .
5 作讓步狀語(yǔ)
Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he ….
6 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是主句主語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來(lái)表示伴隨情況。
The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .
All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .
Rewrite with proper conjunctions
Example : United we stand, divided we fall.
If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.
1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.
→When he was asked what had happened, …
2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→Because he was well known for his expert advice, …
3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
If we were given more time,
4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
Once it was translated into Chinese,
5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
Because she was deeply interested in medicine,
6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
Although he was left alone at home,
現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，;而過去分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see)
選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。例如：
Used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書看上去很舊。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用
注意:1.系表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)
_____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)
______ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress)
be lost in
be dressed in
be interested in
be devoted to
be supposed to? be caught in the rain
be seated in
be prepared for
be determined to
2.不與主語(yǔ)保持一致的固定結(jié)構(gòu)
generally speaking 一般說來(lái)
strictly/ frankly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說/坦白地說
judging from 從…判斷
all things considered 從整體來(lái)看
taking all things into consideration 全面看來(lái)
例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.
總的來(lái)說，狗比豬跑得快。 (speaking 不是dogs 的動(dòng)作)
Practice
1. Complete each sentences using the P.P. of the right verb.
build frighten trap follow shoot see examine
1 ________ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.
2 The lady returned home, ________ by two policemen.
3 After having been _________ carefully, the room was locked again.
4.______ in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.
5 _____ from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails.
6 If _____ in a burning building, you should send for help.
7 Although ______ in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
練習(xí)
1 ____ time ,he will make a first-class tennis player .
A Having given B To give C Giving D Given
2 ___in 1636 ,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States .
A Being founded B It was founded
C Founded D Founding
3 Unless __to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference .
A invited B inviting
C being invited D having invited
4 ___,but he still couldn’t understand it .
A He had been told many times
B Having been told many times
C Told many times
D Although he had been told many times
5 When first ___to the market , these products enjoyed great success .
A introducing B introduced
C introduce D being introduced
6 There seemed to be nothing ___to do but ___for the doctor .
A leave / send B left / to send
C left / send D leaving / send
作介詞but ,expect ,besides 的賓語(yǔ)，前面又有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 do時(shí)，不定式通常省去to
7____everywhere , the wolves had no where ___themselves .
A Hunting / hiding B To hunt / to hide
C Hunted / hiding D Hunted / to hide
8 . The ___ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ___ by his naughty boy.
A. following, following B. followed, followed
C. following, followed D. followed, following
9. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ___ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well ___ care of in the nursery.
A. looked; taken B. looking; taken
C. looked; took D. looking; taking
10. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied
C. to be tied D. tied
11. ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give
C. Giving D. Having given
(責(zé)任編輯：陳海巖)
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