2015高考英語作文寫作技巧:典型錯誤及對策(2)
【句法結構錯誤】
1.句子結構不完整
閱卷發現：句子結構不完整的情況常出現在定語從句以及需要跟雙賓語的動詞結構中。
× I'd like to communicate with students come from foreign countries.
√ I'd like to communicate with students who come from different countries.
√ I'd like to communicate with students from different countries.
× I can tell the foreign students about China.
剖析：
"告訴某人某物"為 tell sb sth 。
√ I can tell the foreign students something about China.
對策：掌握好主謂、主謂賓、主系表、主謂雙賓、主謂賓補五種基本句型和 there be 結構。通過翻譯、改錯、改寫、轉換句型等將句法結構內化，要有意識地經常運用已糾正的常錯句型，注意句子結構的完整性。
2.懸垂修飾語現象
懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語或修飾語與后面句子的邏輯關系混亂不清。分詞、不定式、動名詞和省略句作為修飾語時考生受漢語影響常會出現懸垂現象。
× In order to help us learn English well, a foreign teacher will be hired.
√ In order to help us learn English well, our school will hire a foreign teacher.
× At the age of 19,my sister left hometown for Harvard University.
√ When my sister was 19, she left hometown for Harvard University.
√ When Iwas19, my sister left hometown for Harvard University.
對策：使用非謂語動詞和省略句作為修飾語時，要注意使它們的邏輯主語與句子的主語保持一致(獨立主格結構除外)。運用短語作從句時，要記住短語所表達的內容不得與后面主句所描述的內容有所沖突或者造成歧義。
3.漢語式英語，逐字翻譯
比如表達"我對這項活動感興趣，想參加。"
× I'm interested in the activity and want to take part in.
√ I'm interested in the activity and want to take part in it.
表達"公園里有一則告示，上面寫道：
'注意安全，道路光滑。'"
× There is a notice in the park, writing：
"To take no tice of safe, slippery sideway"
√ There is a notice in the park, saying：
"Watch your step. Slippery sideway."
對策：養成用英語思維進行寫作的習慣，不逐字翻譯題目所列的要求，遇到自己沒有把握的，可換一種方式表達。
【語法關系不一致】
表現為：主謂不一致、指代不一致、單復數不一致、比較對象不一致、時態不一致等方面。如：
× In the bedroom there are a bed, a desk and a chair.
√ In the bedroom there is a bed, a desk and a chair.
× The shoes are very beautiful. I think you will like it.
√ The shoes are very beautiful. I think you will like them .
對策：日常學習中，要多留心各種特殊的語法關系，注意培養英語語感。寫作完成后，只要認真檢查，就可以避免類似錯誤的出現。
(責任編輯：盧雁明)
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