09年成人高考英語三級——語法(一)
2008-12-25 15:45:28 來源:
定冠詞限定名詞時主要表示特指,針對TOEFL應注意以下幾點:
(1) the和可數名詞單數連用,表示一類人或物,如:
the fern(蕨類), the wallflower
(2) 序數詞之前必須用the,如:
the first woman, the nineteenth century
但前面有物主代詞時除外,如 my first baby
(3) 形容詞最高級之前必須用the(有物主代詞時除外),如:
the largest city, the most advanced technology
(4) of連接的名詞前多用the, 如:
the development of the watch,
(5) 世界上獨一無二的東西前應加the, 如:
the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun
在下列情況下,一般不用the:
(1) 表示人名、地名、國家名等專有名詞前, 一般不加,如:
Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英語), February(二月),America(美國)
但是在表示海洋、海峽、江、河、山脈、群島等專有名詞時要加上the
the Great Lakes(美國五大湖), the Changjiang River(長江)
(2) 無特指的不可數名詞前,如:
algebra(代數學), advertising, accounting(會計學)
(3) 表示類別的復數名詞前,如:
Historians believe that…, Amphibians(兩棲動物) hatch from…
(4) 一些固定詞組中,如:
in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed
乘車的詞組:
by train(乘火車), by car (乘汽車), by bicycle(騎腳踏車),
by bus (乘公共汽車),
by land(由陸路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) ,
by air(通過航空)
on foot (步行), by plane(乘飛機), by ship (乘船),
打球的詞組:
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball
注意:表示職位的詞之前的冠詞有無均可, 如:He was elected (the)
chairman of the committee.
不可數名詞的限定詞和不可數名詞原形連用, 下面這些限定詞后面一定跟不可數名詞:much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、豐富的)little /a little /less /least, a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 屬不可數名詞
專用
另外一些詞(詞組)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of,the re st of, plenty of等既可接可數名詞又可接不可數名詞。
有些形容詞本身就具有“比….年長”、“ 比…..優越”等含義,因此也就沒有比較級和最高級。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。這些形容詞往往和to連用,而不和than連用。
有些形容詞本身就具備“最、極”的含義,所以就沒有最高級和比較級。如:
absolute(絕對的), unique(獨一無二的), infinite(無限的), round(圓的), right(對的), correct(正確的), wrong(錯誤的), perfect(完美的),這類形容詞往往被稱為絕
對形容詞對于most來講,除了構成某些詞最高級外,most的用法有幾點需要注意,經常成為改錯
題的考點:
1. 當most表示大多數時,之前不加the, 并且有兩種形式來表示大多數,分別為:
most + 名詞,如:most people, most Indian tribes;
most + of + 限定詞 + 名詞或代詞,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists
2. most有時意思等同于very, 此時most之前用不定冠詞,如:
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal
例題:
(1)
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated.
A B C D
答案:A
應改為:Most
解釋:most只有在表示形容詞最高級作定語時需加定冠詞,此句表示“大多數”,沒必要加the.
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonme tals
A B C
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant.
D
考點:程度副詞
答案:D
應改為:still more
解釋:程度副詞still修飾比較級more時,應置于其前幾點參考規則:
1. 多數副詞放在修飾的動詞之后,若動詞有賓語則放在賓語之后,如:She sings very well.
I met your uncle(動詞的賓語) just now.
I met just now your uncle (錯)
2. 副詞修飾形容詞、介詞短語、副詞時常放在被修飾成分之前,如:
These two are only slightly different.
right after this, very smoothly
當然,副詞enough是一個例外,要放在修飾成分的后面,如:
I am not good enough to do this job. (對)
I am not enough good to do this job. (錯)
3. 表示頻率的副詞常放在實意動詞之前,be動詞之后,如:
He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(實意動詞) tennis.
He is always here at 8’clock. (be動詞之后)
4. 部分副詞的位置沒有一定的規定,原則上接近被修飾詞即可,如:
only, even, still, perhaps, etc.
(1) the和可數名詞單數連用,表示一類人或物,如:
the fern(蕨類), the wallflower
(2) 序數詞之前必須用the,如:
the first woman, the nineteenth century
但前面有物主代詞時除外,如 my first baby
(3) 形容詞最高級之前必須用the(有物主代詞時除外),如:
the largest city, the most advanced technology
(4) of連接的名詞前多用the, 如:
the development of the watch,
(5) 世界上獨一無二的東西前應加the, 如:
the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun
在下列情況下,一般不用the:
(1) 表示人名、地名、國家名等專有名詞前, 一般不加,如:
Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英語), February(二月),America(美國)
但是在表示海洋、海峽、江、河、山脈、群島等專有名詞時要加上the
the Great Lakes(美國五大湖), the Changjiang River(長江)
(2) 無特指的不可數名詞前,如:
algebra(代數學), advertising, accounting(會計學)
(3) 表示類別的復數名詞前,如:
Historians believe that…, Amphibians(兩棲動物) hatch from…
(4) 一些固定詞組中,如:
in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed
乘車的詞組:
by train(乘火車), by car (乘汽車), by bicycle(騎腳踏車),
by bus (乘公共汽車),
by land(由陸路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) ,
by air(通過航空)
on foot (步行), by plane(乘飛機), by ship (乘船),
打球的詞組:
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball
注意:表示職位的詞之前的冠詞有無均可, 如:He was elected (the)
chairman of the committee.
不可數名詞的限定詞和不可數名詞原形連用, 下面這些限定詞后面一定跟不可數名詞:much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、豐富的)little /a little /less /least, a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 屬不可數名詞
專用
另外一些詞(詞組)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of,the re st of, plenty of等既可接可數名詞又可接不可數名詞。
有些形容詞本身就具有“比….年長”、“ 比…..優越”等含義,因此也就沒有比較級和最高級。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。這些形容詞往往和to連用,而不和than連用。
有些形容詞本身就具備“最、極”的含義,所以就沒有最高級和比較級。如:
absolute(絕對的), unique(獨一無二的), infinite(無限的), round(圓的), right(對的), correct(正確的), wrong(錯誤的), perfect(完美的),這類形容詞往往被稱為絕
對形容詞對于most來講,除了構成某些詞最高級外,most的用法有幾點需要注意,經常成為改錯
題的考點:
1. 當most表示大多數時,之前不加the, 并且有兩種形式來表示大多數,分別為:
most + 名詞,如:most people, most Indian tribes;
most + of + 限定詞 + 名詞或代詞,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists
2. most有時意思等同于very, 此時most之前用不定冠詞,如:
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal
例題:
(1)
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated.
A B C D
答案:A
應改為:Most
解釋:most只有在表示形容詞最高級作定語時需加定冠詞,此句表示“大多數”,沒必要加the.
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonme tals
A B C
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant.
D
考點:程度副詞
答案:D
應改為:still more
解釋:程度副詞still修飾比較級more時,應置于其前幾點參考規則:
1. 多數副詞放在修飾的動詞之后,若動詞有賓語則放在賓語之后,如:She sings very well.
I met your uncle(動詞的賓語) just now.
I met just now your uncle (錯)
2. 副詞修飾形容詞、介詞短語、副詞時常放在被修飾成分之前,如:
These two are only slightly different.
right after this, very smoothly
當然,副詞enough是一個例外,要放在修飾成分的后面,如:
I am not good enough to do this job. (對)
I am not enough good to do this job. (錯)
3. 表示頻率的副詞常放在實意動詞之前,be動詞之后,如:
He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(實意動詞) tennis.
He is always here at 8’clock. (be動詞之后)
4. 部分副詞的位置沒有一定的規定,原則上接近被修飾詞即可,如:
only, even, still, perhaps, etc.