成考高起點(diǎn)英語虛擬語氣誤用辨析
2008-09-26 14:58:37 來源：
1.中文：我要是你，我不會(huì)那么做。
（誤）I shouldn't do that if I was you.
（正）I shouldn't do that if I were you.（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣不能用was，只能用were.）
2.中文：要是我父親現(xiàn)在在這里，他會(huì)告訴我該做什么。
（誤）If my father were here now， he will tell me what to do.
（正）If my father were here now， he would tell me what to do.（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的助動(dòng)詞只能用would，might等過去時(shí)。）
3.中文：要是我知道她的電話號(hào)碼，我就會(huì)給她打電話了。
（誤）If I knew her telephone number， I would have called her.
（正）If I had known her telephone number， I would have called her.（表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。）
4.中文：要是昨天沒下雨她也許會(huì)來。
（誤）If it had not rained yesterday， he might come.
（正）If it had not rained yesterday， he might have come.（表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的動(dòng)詞要用助動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)might，could等＋HAVE＋過去分詞。）
5.中文：我不認(rèn)為我會(huì)失敗，但要是我失敗了，我會(huì)再努力。
（誤）I don't think that I shall fail. But if I failed， I would try again.
（正）I don't think that I shall fail. But if I should fail， I would try again.（表示與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞用should加原形動(dòng)詞。）
6.中文：他要是帶了錢就會(huì)買它。
（誤）Did he bring some money with him， he would have bought it.
（正）Had he brought some money with him， he would have bought it.（表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)，若省略if，則用倒裝形式。）
7.中文：她要是個(gè)男人可能會(huì)當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)。
（誤）Be she a man， she might be elected president.
（正）Were she a man， she might be elected president.（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，不能用was，只能用were；若省略if，則將were放在句首。）
8.中文：我提議提高教師的薪資。
（誤）I suggested that the teachers' wages could be increased.
（正）I suggested that the teachers' wages should be increased.（suggest當(dāng)建議講時(shí)，后面的名詞從句的主要?jiǎng)釉~要用should加原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略。）
9.中文：他這么做是重要的。
（誤）It is important that he will do it.
（正）It is important that he do it.（It is important＋that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句的動(dòng)詞要用should加原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略。）
10.中文：他們結(jié)婚兩年了。
（誤）They have married for two years.
（正）They have been married for two years.（表示已婚狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，要用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。）
11.中文：他被所有學(xué)生嘲笑。
（誤）He was laughed by all the pupils.
（正）He was laughed at by all the pupils.（不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞=及物動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)介詞不能省略。）
12.中文：英語難學(xué)。
（誤）English is difficult to be learned.
（正）English is difficult to learn.（英語難學(xué)=學(xué)英語難，也可說It's difficult to learn English.原句的主語實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式要用主動(dòng)形式。）
13.中文：湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國。
（誤）Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
（正）Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.
14.中文：中國發(fā)生了很大變化。
（誤）Great changes have been taken place in China.
（正）Great changes have taken place in China.
15.中文：戰(zhàn)爭于一九三七年爆發(fā)。
（誤）The war was broken out in 1937.
（正）The war broke out in 1937.（take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。）
16.中文：我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
（誤）I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
（正）I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.（表示使某物被別人…，通常使用have或get＋物＋過去分詞表示。）
17.中文：他命令馬上開始工作。
（誤）He ordered the work to start at once.
（正）He ordered the work to be started at once.（不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，若與賓語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。）
18.中文：他試圖不介入政治。
（誤）He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
（正）He tried not to get mixed up in politics.（get作系動(dòng)詞，可代替be，后接過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，have無此功能。）
19.中文：據(jù)說他很富有。
（誤）They say him to have been rich.
（正）He is said to have been rich.（say后不可接不定式，但它的被動(dòng)語態(tài)后可接不定式。）
20.中文：那人被認(rèn)為是個(gè)傻子。
（誤）The man thought to be a fool.
（正）The man was thought to be a fool.（主語是動(dòng)作的承受者而不是發(fā)出者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。）
（誤）I shouldn't do that if I was you.
（正）I shouldn't do that if I were you.（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣不能用was，只能用were.）
2.中文：要是我父親現(xiàn)在在這里，他會(huì)告訴我該做什么。
（誤）If my father were here now， he will tell me what to do.
（正）If my father were here now， he would tell me what to do.（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的助動(dòng)詞只能用would，might等過去時(shí)。）
3.中文：要是我知道她的電話號(hào)碼，我就會(huì)給她打電話了。
（誤）If I knew her telephone number， I would have called her.
（正）If I had known her telephone number， I would have called her.（表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。）
4.中文：要是昨天沒下雨她也許會(huì)來。
（誤）If it had not rained yesterday， he might come.
（正）If it had not rained yesterday， he might have come.（表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的動(dòng)詞要用助動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)might，could等＋HAVE＋過去分詞。）
5.中文：我不認(rèn)為我會(huì)失敗，但要是我失敗了，我會(huì)再努力。
（誤）I don't think that I shall fail. But if I failed， I would try again.
（正）I don't think that I shall fail. But if I should fail， I would try again.（表示與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞用should加原形動(dòng)詞。）
6.中文：他要是帶了錢就會(huì)買它。
（誤）Did he bring some money with him， he would have bought it.
（正）Had he brought some money with him， he would have bought it.（表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)，若省略if，則用倒裝形式。）
7.中文：她要是個(gè)男人可能會(huì)當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)。
（誤）Be she a man， she might be elected president.
（正）Were she a man， she might be elected president.（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，不能用was，只能用were；若省略if，則將were放在句首。）
8.中文：我提議提高教師的薪資。
（誤）I suggested that the teachers' wages could be increased.
（正）I suggested that the teachers' wages should be increased.（suggest當(dāng)建議講時(shí)，后面的名詞從句的主要?jiǎng)釉~要用should加原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略。）
9.中文：他這么做是重要的。
（誤）It is important that he will do it.
（正）It is important that he do it.（It is important＋that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句的動(dòng)詞要用should加原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略。）
10.中文：他們結(jié)婚兩年了。
（誤）They have married for two years.
（正）They have been married for two years.（表示已婚狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，要用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。）
11.中文：他被所有學(xué)生嘲笑。
（誤）He was laughed by all the pupils.
（正）He was laughed at by all the pupils.（不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞=及物動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)介詞不能省略。）
12.中文：英語難學(xué)。
（誤）English is difficult to be learned.
（正）English is difficult to learn.（英語難學(xué)=學(xué)英語難，也可說It's difficult to learn English.原句的主語實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式要用主動(dòng)形式。）
13.中文：湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國。
（誤）Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
（正）Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.
14.中文：中國發(fā)生了很大變化。
（誤）Great changes have been taken place in China.
（正）Great changes have taken place in China.
15.中文：戰(zhàn)爭于一九三七年爆發(fā)。
（誤）The war was broken out in 1937.
（正）The war broke out in 1937.（take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。）
16.中文：我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
（誤）I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
（正）I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.（表示使某物被別人…，通常使用have或get＋物＋過去分詞表示。）
17.中文：他命令馬上開始工作。
（誤）He ordered the work to start at once.
（正）He ordered the work to be started at once.（不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，若與賓語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。）
18.中文：他試圖不介入政治。
（誤）He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
（正）He tried not to get mixed up in politics.（get作系動(dòng)詞，可代替be，后接過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，have無此功能。）
19.中文：據(jù)說他很富有。
（誤）They say him to have been rich.
（正）He is said to have been rich.（say后不可接不定式，但它的被動(dòng)語態(tài)后可接不定式。）
20.中文：那人被認(rèn)為是個(gè)傻子。
（誤）The man thought to be a fool.
（正）The man was thought to be a fool.（主語是動(dòng)作的承受者而不是發(fā)出者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。）
