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成人學位英語易混淆詞匯解析三

2008-08-15 16:33:47 來源:

  51. childish,childlike

  childish幼稚的。如:It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.

  childlike孩子般天真的。如:When she won the gold medal,there was childlike smile on her face.

  52. choose,pick,select,elect

  choose是一常用詞,表一般的"選擇".

  pick通常用于不需要認真權衡,對比就能做出決定。

  select側重"在同類的許多東西中,進行有斟酌的精選".

  elect指選舉或用其他方法推選人。

  53. cloth,clothing

  cloth布。如:I need three yards of cloth to make a suit.

  clothing衣服(總稱)。如:You'd better give all the old clothing away.

  54. complex,complicated

  均可表"復雜".

  complex為常用詞。

  complicated為正式用詞,表由于組成部分太多,相互關系太復雜而不能理解,語氣很強。

  55. compose,consist,constitute

  compose為常用詞,常用被動語態,如用主動語態,主語應用復數形式。如:Twelve men compose a jury.(十二人組成陪審團。)

  consist表一個整體由幾個部分組成(只能用主動語態)。如:The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(聯合王國是由大不列顛及北愛爾蘭組成。)

  constitute為正式用詞,與consist相反,表由哪些部分構成整體。如:Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二個月。)

  56. considerable,considerate

  considerable相當多的,可觀的。如:He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他遇到了許多麻煩。)

  considerate 考慮周到的,體諒的。如:It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真體貼人,不打擾我們。)

  57. consistent,constant,continual,continuous

  consistent一致的,符合的。如:His action is always consistent with his words.

  constant不斷的,表示持續和慣常的重現,往往沒有變化。如:He attributes his health to his constant exercise.

  continual頻頻的,不停的,時斷時續,中間可有間歇。如:Continual smoking is bad for health.

  continuous不斷延伸的,連續不斷的,強調中間無間斷。如:Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change.

  58. crack,crash

  crack(使)破裂,砸開。如:I can crack it, but I can't break it. (我能把它弄裂,但不能把它弄破。)

  crash摔壞,墜毀。如:The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飛機起飛不久就墜毀了。)

  59. crawl,creep

  crawl多指蛇,蟲類等身體沿地面或其他表面的動作。如:There is an insect crawling up your back. (有一蟲子正在你的背上往上爬。)

  creep多指哺乳動物或人等用四肢爬行的動物偷偷摸摸無聲緩慢的前行動作。如:They arrived late and crept into the classroom.(我們遲到了,便悄悄地溜進教室。)

  60. cure,treat

  cure治愈,醫治。如:The medicine will cure of your disease.(這藥能治好你的病。)

  cure表示治好,treat只表示"給……治病".

  61. current,present

  均可表"現在","目前".

  current強調在現階段正在流行,通用,但不一定是最新的。如:current English (當代英語)

  present為常用詞,指現在正在通用的,在時間上比current的范圍更窄。如:What's your present address?(你現住址是哪里?)

  62. custom,habit

  均可表習慣。

  custom為正式用詞,多指社團或人們的習慣行為方式。

  habit為常用詞,多指個人因多次重復而形成做某事的趨勢或意愿。如:He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的壞習慣。)

  63. damage,destroy,harm,ruin

  均可表"破壞","損壞".

  damage一般指部分性的破壞,含可修復使用。

  destroy指十分徹底的毀壞,破壞。如:The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中整個城市被毀了。)

  harm多指帶來悲痛,產生惡果的傷害,可以是肉體的也可是精神的。如:Doctors say smoking harms our health.(醫生說吸煙對身體有害。)

  ruin為正式用詞,強調由于自然力或時間的作用而逐漸損壞,用于比喻時也指徹底毀壞名聲,期望等。如:She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在畫上,把它毀了。)另外,ruin的復數形式ruins表"廢墟".

  64. decrease,reduce

  decrease多表示逐漸縮小。如:The swelling decreased daily.(腫脹日漸消退。)

  reduce為常用詞,使用范圍較大,可指尺寸,數量,規模和程度等,也可指地位,經濟狀況。如:He won't reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。)

  65. dependent,independent

  dependent依賴的,依靠的(on,upon)。如:Success is dependent on your hard work.

  Independent 不依靠的,獨立的(of)。如:John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.

  66. desert,dessert

  desert沙漠。如:Have you ever been to a desert?

  Dessert甜食。如:What would you like for dessert,an apple pie or ice-cream?

  67. discover,invent

  discover發現。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area.

  invent發明,創造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.

  68. duty,responsibility

  均有"責任"之意,可換用。

  duty意義較廣,多指發自內心的道德倫理上的責任感。

  responsibility著重指從道義或法律上對事件之后果負責。如:I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承擔打破花瓶的全部責任。)

  69. effective,efficient

  均可表示"有效的".

  effective常用以指物,強調能產生某種預期的效果。如:effective medicine,effective method等。

  efficient"效率高的","有能力的",用以指人或物,著重有效地利用時間、精力并取得預期效果。如:The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德國的電話系統效率很高。)

  70. economic,economical

  economic經濟(學)的。如:the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉圖的經濟學說)

  economical節約的,節儉的。如:He is economical of money and time.

  71. electric,electrical,electronic

  三詞都與電有關

  electric著重于發電的,電動的或導電的。如:electric generator(發電機);electric light(電燈)

  electrical多指本身不產生電,但是與電有關的。如:electrical engineering(電機工程);an electrical transcription(廣播唱片)

  electronic 電子的,電子操作的。如:electronic engineering(電子工程學)

  72. emergence,emergency

  emergence是emerge的名詞形式。

  Emergency意為"緊急情況","突然事件".

  73. everyday,every day

  everyday每日的,日常的(作定語)。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine.

  every day每天(作狀語)。如:She gets up early every day.

  74. endure,bear,stand,tolerate,withstand

  都表忍受,忍耐。

  bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、煩惱或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是難以忍受的。)

  endure忍耐,書面語,指長時間經受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦難需要耐力。)

  stand忍受,與bear同義,但較口語化。如:She can't stand having nothing to do.(沒事干,她受不了。)

  tolerate容忍,容許,指自我克制的態度,對于令人反感的事沒有任何抗議。如:I can't tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果繼續這樣下去的話,我決不會容忍他。)

  withstand經受,承受,指頂住外來的壓力和攻勢。如:They have withstood all test.(他們經受了一切考驗。)

  75. error,mistake,fault,shortcoming

  均表"缺點","錯誤".

  error是通用詞,指任何錯誤,"犯錯誤"可以說commit /make an error.

  mistake指判斷或理解方面,或指因考慮不周而造成的錯誤,搭配是make a mistake.

  fault表示"過失",可與error通用,現多用來指缺點,特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(這臺機器有一處毛病。)構成短語 find fault with挑剔,找毛病。

  shortcoming 缺點,可指人或事物的本質上不足之處(常用復數)。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(盡管他缺點多,我仍然喜歡他。)

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