成人高考高起點(diǎn)英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)誤用辨析
2008-06-17 15:52:45 來源：育路成人高考頻道
1.中文：他們結(jié)婚兩年了。
（誤）They have married for two years.
（正）They have been married for two years.（表示已婚狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，要用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。）
2.中文：他被所有學(xué)生嘲笑。
（誤）He was laughed by all the pupils.
（正）He was laughed at by all the pupils.（不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞=及物動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)介詞不能省略。）
3.中文：英語難學(xué)。
（誤）English is difficult to be learned.
（正）English is difficult to learn.（英語難學(xué)=學(xué)英語難，也可說It’s difficult to learn English.原句的主語實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式要用主動(dòng)形式。）
4.中文：湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國。
（誤）Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
（正）Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.
5.中文：中國發(fā)生了很大變化。
（誤）Great changes have been taken place in China.
（正）Great changes have taken place in China.
6.中文：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)于一九三七年爆發(fā)。
（誤）The war was broken out in 1937.
（正）The war broke out in 1937.（take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。）
7.中文：我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
（誤）I can’t see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
（正）I can’t see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.（表示使某物被別人…，通常使用have或get＋物＋過去分詞表示。）
8.中文：他命令馬上開始工作。
（誤）He ordered the work to start at once.
（正）He ordered the work to be started at once.（不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，若與賓語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。）
9.中文：他試圖不介入政治。
（誤）He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
（正）He tried not to get mixed up in politics.（get作系動(dòng)詞，可代替be，后接過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，have無此功能。）
10.中文：據(jù)說他很富有。
（誤）They say him to have been rich.
（正）He is said to have been rich.（say后不可接不定式，但它的被動(dòng)語態(tài)后可接不定式。）
11.中文：那人被認(rèn)為是個(gè)傻子。
（誤）The man thought to be a fool.
（正）The man was thought to be a fool.（主語是動(dòng)作的承受者而不是發(fā)出者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。）
（誤）They have married for two years.
（正）They have been married for two years.（表示已婚狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，要用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。）
2.中文：他被所有學(xué)生嘲笑。
（誤）He was laughed by all the pupils.
（正）He was laughed at by all the pupils.（不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞=及物動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)介詞不能省略。）
3.中文：英語難學(xué)。
（誤）English is difficult to be learned.
（正）English is difficult to learn.（英語難學(xué)=學(xué)英語難，也可說It’s difficult to learn English.原句的主語實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式要用主動(dòng)形式。）
4.中文：湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國。
（誤）Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
（正）Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.
5.中文：中國發(fā)生了很大變化。
（誤）Great changes have been taken place in China.
（正）Great changes have taken place in China.
6.中文：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)于一九三七年爆發(fā)。
（誤）The war was broken out in 1937.
（正）The war broke out in 1937.（take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。）
7.中文：我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
（誤）I can’t see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
（正）I can’t see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.（表示使某物被別人…，通常使用have或get＋物＋過去分詞表示。）
8.中文：他命令馬上開始工作。
（誤）He ordered the work to start at once.
（正）He ordered the work to be started at once.（不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，若與賓語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。）
9.中文：他試圖不介入政治。
（誤）He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
（正）He tried not to get mixed up in politics.（get作系動(dòng)詞，可代替be，后接過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，have無此功能。）
10.中文：據(jù)說他很富有。
（誤）They say him to have been rich.
（正）He is said to have been rich.（say后不可接不定式，但它的被動(dòng)語態(tài)后可接不定式。）
11.中文：那人被認(rèn)為是個(gè)傻子。
（誤）The man thought to be a fool.
（正）The man was thought to be a fool.（主語是動(dòng)作的承受者而不是發(fā)出者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。）
